Text: Ephesians 4:1–6
Theme: We are called to live in a manner worthy of our calling by preserving the unity of the Spirit through humility, gentleness, and love.
Biblical Studies Toolbox: Tracing Key Words and Themes
One of the most important tools in biblical study is noticing repetition—when a biblical author repeats certain words, phrases, or ideas. In Scripture, repetition is rarely accidental. It often serves to highlight emphasis, structure an argument, or reveal a theological theme.
For example:
In Genesis 1, the repeated phrase “And God said” emphasizes God’s creative authority through His Word.
In Isaiah 6, the triple repetition “Holy, holy, holy” magnifies God’s supreme holiness.
In John’s Gospel, recurring words like light, life, believe, and world create threads that help us trace John’s portrait of Jesus as the divine revealer and redeemer.
In Philippians 1, Paul repeats “joy” and “gospel” to anchor the letter’s main theme: rejoicing in Christ’s mission despite hardship.
When we trace repeated words or themes, we begin to see how biblical authors build theological meaning through rhythm and pattern. This can deepen our comprehension of a passage’s focus and help us read in line with the writer’s intent.
Now, turn to Ephesians 4:1–6 and observe Paul’s deliberate repetition. Circle or note words such as one, calling, Spirit, Lord, and all. These are not casual word choices—they emphasize that unity in the church flows from the oneness of God Himself. Paul’s sevenfold “one” (vv. 4–6) mirrors the completeness of divine unity: one body, one Spirit, one hope, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of all.
As you read, ask:
What does each repeated word reveal about God’s character or His purposes for the church?
How does repetition create both theological depth and emotional weight in the passage?
Read: Ephesians 4:1–6 out loud in your group.
Commentary & Discussion
Verse 1 – A Worthy Walk
Paul begins with an appeal grounded in his imprisonment for Christ. “Worthy” (Greek axios) means “in balance with.” Our conduct should correspond to the weight of our calling in Christ.
Discussion:
What does it look like to “walk worthy” of your calling in your daily life?
How might remembering Paul’s imprisonment shape the seriousness with which we take this exhortation?
Verse 2 – The Posture of Unity
Paul names the virtues that maintain unity: humility, gentleness, patience, and loving forbearance. Each counters pride, harshness, and impatience—the very things that divide communities.
Discussion:
Which of these virtues comes most naturally to you? Which is most difficult?
How does “bearing with one another in love” differ from mere tolerance?
Read Philippians 2:3–5. How does Christ model these same virtues?
Verse 3 – The Work of Maintaining Unity
Paul does not say “create unity” but “maintain” it. The Spirit has already formed this bond; our role is to guard and nurture it.
Discussion:
What are practical ways believers can be “eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit”?
How can our small group protect unity when disagreements arise? What about our church?
Verses 4–6 – The Basis of Unity
Paul lists seven “ones” emphasizing the unbreakable spiritual oneness of the church rooted in God’s triune nature:
One body – the universal church
One Spirit – the source of life and unity
One hope – our shared future in Christ
One Lord – Jesus Christ, the head of the church
One faith – the content of what we believe
One baptism – our shared initiation into Christ
One God and Father of all – the ultimate source and sustainer of unity
Discussion:
Which of these “ones” do you think the modern church most needs to remember?
How does Paul’s mention of the Trinity here deepen our understanding of unity?
Read John 17:20–23. How does Jesus’ prayer relate to Paul’s teaching here?
Application
Where is God calling you to actively pursue unity—in your family, church, or friendships?
Are there any divisions or resentments with the church that you need to surrender to the Spirit’s work of peace?
This week, practice one act of humility or gentleness toward someone you find difficult.